Gustave Courbet and Edouard Manet - the Rise of Modernism Essay

Gustave Courbet and Edouard Manet - the Rise of Modernism - Essay Example As Gustave was a radical so the subjects of most of his paintings compromised of the most ordinary and humblest of people (Discover France: Online). Though Gustave was devoid of any formal training in art and painting, yet he made immense efforts to acquire the varied techniques requisite for a realistic portrayal of his subjects (Discover France: Online). In consonance with many of the Realist masters, Gustave always attempted to capture something plain in many of his works. He used a very limited palette to achieve this impact (Discover France: Online). The paintings of Gustave are marked by thick layers of paint giving way to compositions that seemed to be simplistic (Getty Museum: Online). The artist confined most of his innovation to the choice of subjects rather than on the painting technique. Actually, Gustave hit hard at the Romantic ideals by painting common people like workers and peasants (Getty Museum: Online). Gustave was a bohemian artist who resented the views of conte mporary critics and used to exhibit his paintings in pavilions constructed at his own expense (Discover France: Online). Gustave preferred a dark palette and a rough style to reject the conventional notions of Salon finish (Getty Museum: Online). ... Edouard Manet was born in a typical Parisian bourgeoisie family in 1832. Very much like Gustave, the real interest of Manet lied in the world of art and not in academic pursuits. Actually, it was his uncle Charles Fournier who nurtured and encouraged his interest in art. It is Edouard Manet who is credited for facilitating the transition from Gustave Courbet’s realism to French Impressionism (MacDonald: Online). Manet, unlike Gustave, believed in a formal exposure to the old and contemporary art and art techniques. This is why he travelled extensively across Italy, Germany and Austria to study the works and techniques of the masters of the yore. However, such an endeavour failed to satisfy the curiosity and zeal of Manet and finally, it was in the works of Goya and Velasquez that he found the requisite answers to his queries (MacDonald: Online). Not to mention, Manet was also inspired by the works of Gustave. Though Manet appreciated the works of the old masters yet he quintes sentially believed that the purpose of art in any era is to reflect the contemporary ideas and concepts by using techniques that are current and up to date (MacDonald: Online). It is no wonder that the subjects of Manet, unlike Gustave who opted for the French country life, were predominantly selected from the urban life of his age and times (Art History: Online). However, like Gustave, his subjects were common and simple and rebelled against the prevalent concept of class. Like Gustave, Manet did reject the conventional modelling and perspectives and showed now predilection for the traditional emphasis on illusionism (Art History: Online). Manet’s painting technique avoided tight details and the panache for an accurate pictorial duplication (Art History: Online).  

Happiness and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Happiness and Religion - Essay Example This study discusses that the happiness of individuals can range from their religious background, activities, culture and aspects of life.   Religious groups have a belief that their happiness comes from the relationship between them and their God. The theory of happiness attempts to explain the ultimate reason for humankind existence is happiness. â€Å"happiness is this feeling of existence".This quote reveals how happiness is a major determinant of the future of human kind.From this paper it is clear that human kind happiness is affected by many other factors that revolve around him. Psychological happiness can be determined by three components. Happiness can be due to genetic factors, circumstances, and activities. A large percentage of the human beings happiness is due to genetic factors where some of the individuals are joyful than others. Some individuals are born as good comedians, which reveal their state of mind as positive or jovial. Demographic factors like age, gender , culture and geographic factors affect the happiness of individuals. Happiness can be affected by age where you find children are happy than their parents. Responsibilities as parents affect the happiness comparing to children who do not even realize the meaning of responsibilities. The activities that individuals involve themselves in also determine of their state of their minds. According to psychologists, individual careers can affect their happiness since some of the careers tend to be stressful.... Islam’s belief that as believers who love their God Allah and have faith in Him should be contented with his verdict (Gulla, 84). All Gods commandments according to Muslims focus on bringing happiness to believers. The Muslims belief that there is nothing too big or small that is not clearly covered in the Islam teachings. Islamic religion is said to be the complete way of life. The Quran teaches individuals to be optimists in life, always be at peace, rejoice and be joyful in all aspects of life (Chittister, 24). Religions have specific holy days, which are the most important days in their religious life. Christians have Christmas, Good Friday, and Easter Monday as their hold days. These specific days are happy moments for all Christians worldwide. Muslims also have their Eid ul fitr as their holy day. The religious groups use these special days to make peace with God and seek for spiritual guidance. They believe that making peace with God is a path to inner happiness, which in turn lead to success. According to the holy books teachings marriage is considered as holy union. The holy books are used to educate couples on their biblical roles of husband and wife. The Bible teaches us on the secrets of happy marriage. In addition, Christian’s couples who follow the holy book teachings and guidance are assured that they in the path of success. In real life, the non-religious are not welcome in religious countries and are believed to be perpetrators of evil deeds. On the other hand, in the non-religious countries all individuals regardless of their religious background they are welcome. Religious individuals are believed to have a happy life than the non-believers since they have no

Psychological Theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychological Theories - Research Paper Example This theory is based on the precept that mutual dependence is a vital fact in the development of a person’s character. It points to the fact that no single citizen of any community can function as a contributing member of society through his or her own effort but requires the support of established systems in the society as well as the encouragement of family and friends. This theory, which is rooted in the association between a person and his or her environment, seeks to affirm that all communities are formed through the interdependence that exists between citizens and the local government and other establishments that work to better the community. When these diverse associations are working well, then the levels of crime within any given community will be negligible. When different institutions in society such as the law enforcement authorities, the churches, schools, businesses and other associations are working together, they are able to collectively prevent the rise of cr ime in their society. The social disorganisation theory was first developed in Chicago, where the communities were divided into five zones that were then studied separately. The crime-riddled regions were identified through the â€Å"concentric zone model† (Miller, Shreck and Tewksbury, 2006). ... In the transitional zone, most of the homes were dilapidated and only poor citizens made homes there because they had few options to choose from. The more well-heeled members of society had the means to live in areas that had better roads, no environmental degradation and low crime rates and so opted for other residential areas rather than the transitional zone. The transitional zone is populated by people who are accustomed to living in poverty and have no social institutions to help them improve their lives. Essentially, most researchers use the transitional zone in many cities to study the relevance of the social disorganisation theory (Miller, Shreck and Tewksbury, 2006). The remaining three zones become progressively more habitable, with zone III, which is mostly populated by the working class, being the land in which the poor of the transitional zone aspire to reach. Though the occupants of zone III are not much more wealthy than the poor in zone II, they maintain their residen ces far much more and also esteem relationships within the organisation that hold up the law. Zone IV, which is the residential zone, has a more established population, most of whom are considered to be in the middle class. Their living conditions are much different from those of the zones II and III and they have establishments within society that allow them to preserve law and order. Zone V, the outermost zone, is populated by wealthy members of society who have the means to protect and sustain their lifestyles in their neighbourhoods while also keeping out undesired elements of society (Miller, Shreckand Tewksbury, 2006). According to the social disorganisation theory, the transitional zone, also known as zone II, has the greatest crime rate among

The Use of PlayTherapy in Treating Toddlers by The Health Care Essay

The Use of PlayTherapy in Treating Toddlers by The Health Care Profession - Essay Example Therefore, play therapy is considered as an important part of physiotherapy when treating toddlers as well as young children. For this study, the researcher will gather appropriate journals for the literature review. To give the researcher a better understanding of play therapy, the researcher will first provide the different types of play that can be used within the different health care settings. Eventually, the researcher will discuss the importance of play therapy on the mental, physical and social developmental growth of toddlers. Since children naturally express their thoughts and feelings through play, the researcher will discuss the impact of play therapy in treating toddlers during the physiotherapy treatment sessions. Prior to the main discussion and recommendation for the use of play therapy within the physiotherapy units, the researcher will discuss the role of physical therapists in the application of play therapy in assessing and treating the toddlers. Upon discussion the scope and limitations of the research study, the researcher will discuss the implications for future research study. treating the toddlers with physiological problems during the child’s physiotherapy treatment sessions. Another goal of the study is to determine the role of physical therapists in the application of play therapy in assessing and treating toddlers. Exercise Physiology – â€Å"the scientific discipline involving the examination of how acute and chronic physical activity influences the structure and function of the human body.† (Birch, McLaren, & George, 2005: 1 – 2) Play Therapy – â€Å"a developmentally sensitive therapeutic modality wherein a trained play therapist apply the therapeutic effects of play to enable the children to prevent or resolve their psychosocial difficulties to achieve their optimal growth and development.† (Bratton et al., 2003) In gathering peer-reviewed evidences regarding the impact and importance of play